The Truth is Out There do we Wish to Know :: Free Essay Writer

The Truth is Out There do we Wish to KnowThe Heart of swarthinessThe search for truth and knowledge consumes us totally at some point in our outlasts, but we dont always find what we argon looking for in Truth. We wish it to be definitive, but more than that, we search for it with the strong belief that we will find it and be pleased, pleasantly enlightened, and will live better lives for it. In Heart of Darkness, it is shown that this is seldom true.Kurtz was destroyed by the truth he discovered about himself and the world he lived in. He had known and believed a white truth about the world he knew. His white truth was one of civilized, genteel ideas and actions. Living amongst the privileged few, the artists, musicians, orators, and other cultured people, he knew zipper of the dark depths of the human heart. When confronted with those horrible realities, he was forced to learn the melanize truth about life and people. His mind couldnt comprehend the truths he had to yield it was totally contradicting to what he knew, and so he crumbled, selling his soul to sit among demons and devils. He was hollow inside, had no sense of moral or social responsibility, and the black truth he discovered ate away and destroyed him. He regressed to savage behaviors he had previously repressed and let the darkness fill the low temperature void within him. Because he knew so much blackness, he was unable to live in society again. He crossed over and relinquished all ties to the civilized world, for he had lived the white truths to an extreme, so did he live the black truths.Kurtz showed what happens when the white truths and lies of society are taken away. Kurtz lived and found sustenance in that reality, when it vanished and was replaced by another, darker world, he folded. In our society, we live by restraint. For Kurtz in Africa, all the restraints were removed and he was allowed to have as much candy as he wished, purge before dinner. This proved to b e too much for him, he went to an extreme and was destroyed by the excesses he craved, the very excesses that drove him to the top of the tribes and peoples he conquered.

Reasons I am Pro-choice Essay --

God delegate us someone to cure cancer, AIDS, etc., etc. I did however you aborted them. spontaneous abortion is a very serious topic that is separated by two groups pro-life or pro-choice who often argue on what is fair. Pro-choice is the mint who believe it is the womans choice to choose if she deprivations an abortion or not. They dont think the fetus is a human until a certain point in the pregnancy. Pro-life is when people believe that getting an abortion is killing a human being with remedys. They want abortion to be contraband whether the woman wants one or not. Even though some say that having an abortion is killing an innocent baby and that it brings on many problems later in life, many pregnant women are not ready to have a child and some just do not want kids and they should have the right to get an abortion. If abortion was made illegal many would turn to back-alley abortions which are done in unsafe ways and it could result in more fatalities. It is communal for anti-choicer to claim that having an abortion can lead to many complications in the future.Some say that having an abortion if you have been pregnant before increases the chances of breast cancer significantly but research found that this was not true. It is also said that having an abortion can lead to several disorders like depression, being bipolar and abuse of drugs and alcohol. Although it is a possibility, the original test was faulty because the subjects were not screened before hand to see if they already had the disorders. Others may say that an abortion is more dangerous that giving abide even when preformed by a professional. In reality, carrying a pregnancy to turn can be 10 times more dangerous than having an abortion but having an abortion still has its risk. In ... ...to many problems in the future but if abortion was illegal it would only worsen the conditions and number of fatalities. The complications that are devoted are often untrue and used to try and make a women change her decision. Young women get pregnant and often do not want the child because they are still getting their life in order and planning for the future. Other women may not want children because of the money, time, and responsibility needed to canvas care of a child. If in the future abortions are made illegal the amount of deaths because of unsafe abortion methods used when a women is desperate for one. God send us someone to cure cancer, AIDS, etc., etc. I did but you forced her to carry an unwanted pregnancy to term, forcing her to become a single mother with control income, having to sacrifice her college dreams in order to provide for her unwanted child.

Malcolm X Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout history there have been many people who have stood out and made an impact in the way we see and comprehend things. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Malcolm X was no exception. His militant views that Western nations were inherently racist and that black people must join together to puddle their own society and value system had an important influence on black nationalist and black separatist movements of the 1950s and 1960s. At the beginning of the movie, Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little. He was a young child trying to adapt to societys changes. He was looking so hard that he fell into the wrong crowd. Malcolm bumped into a man named Archie who was a big time thief. Archie ran a numbers system in the streets and he convinced Malcolm to join him. Malcolm became a scoundrel with an evil demeanor. Malcolms transmission line partner, was a white woman by the name of Sophia. They were on drugs and even robbed a house. Because of their antics, the law was on their trai l. They eventually caught and sent to prison. Malcolm was sentenced to 8 years in prison while Sophia was only sentenced to 2 years because she was white. This relates to the social organization of arrest, which suggest that police arrest blacks at a higher rate than whites. objet dart Malcolm was in jail, he was well known to the guards. One time he was asked to state his number, but instead he said he forgot his number. The guards beat the madhouse out of him and sent him to the darkroom. In the darkroom ...

Planning Your Proxy Server Implementation Essay -- Internet Software C

Planning Your Proxy Server execution of instrumentA key factor in determining the success of any installation is planning. Planning involves some(prenominal) phases-from understanding your current capabilities, to determining your current needs, anticipating your future needs, and, ultimately, finding a viable solution. We have all been in situations where the immediate need surpassed the need for planning and the installation was rushed. More often than not, the installation had to be repeated to refuse problems. Microsoft stresses successful planning techniques, both to ease the initial installation and as a preventative troubleshooting task.The Site Analysis ProcessA key consideration of planning future network readiness is determining what services, users, and data will be pre direct on the network. Take the time to roll in the hay a entire site analysis. A bit of formal analysis now will ease the process of upgrading and configuring the system later. Dont succumb to the easy mood out. Planning contribute be a long and arduous task that is overlooked far too often, but one that pays off ultimately. Network force AnalysisThe capacity of a network is that networks ability to support the arrive of data transmitted over it. A network that can support the application of your organization at present may not be able to support the increased activity level when Internet access is offered via Proxy Server. You need to guardedly consider the mental process ramifications of adding new information services to an already overtaxed network.Although Proxy Servers ability to cache resources saves on performance over the Internet communication link, it does not decrease the amount of data ultimately transferred to the client. Even if 100 percent of requested data is stored in the proxy servers cache, it will still be sent across your local anesthetic network to the client computer, increasing network traffic significantly.The first step in network capacity analysis is to define a baseline visibleness of the performance levels of your current network by using Performance Monitor and Network Monitor. This involves sampling various aspects of your network over several days. Examine these readings to delineate what is normal and abnormal about how your network performs. This includes pinpointing which areas of your network experience the heaviest load, which users or applications cause the most traffic, ... ...oft recommends that the computer hosting Proxy Server date the by-line negligible requirements Intel Pentium 133 or fast-paced 2GB of warehousing space for caching 32MB of RAM, or moreModerate-Volume NetworkA moderate-volume network is typically a network in a mid-size alliance with under 1,000 computers. Moderate volume networks can obtain adequate Internet access using two or more proxy servers arranged in an place or chain connected to multiple ISDN lines or a fractional T1. Microsoft recommends that the computer hostin g Proxy Server meet the following minimum requirements Intel Pentium 166 or faster 2 to 4GB of storage space for caching 64MB of RAM, or more elevated-VolumeA high-volume network is typically a network in an first step corporation with thousands of computers. High volume networks can obtain adequate Internet access using multiple proxy servers in a combined array and chain conclave connected to a T1 line or greater. Microsoft recommends that the computer hosting Proxy Server meet the following minimum requirements Intel Pentium 200, Pentium Pro 166 or faster 8 to 16GB of storage space for caching 128 to 256MB of RAM, or more Planning Your Proxy Server Implementation Essay -- Internet Software CPlanning Your Proxy Server ImplementationA key factor in determining the success of any installation is planning. Planning involves several phases-from understanding your current capabilities, to determining your current needs, anticipating your future needs, and, ultimately, finding a viable solution. We have all been in situations where the immediate need surpassed the need for planning and the installation was rushed. More often than not, the installation had to be repeated to correct problems. Microsoft stresses successful planning techniques, both to ease the initial installation and as a preventative troubleshooting task.The Site Analysis ProcessA key consideration of planning future network capacity is determining what services, users, and data will be present on the network. Take the time to complete a thorough site analysis. A bit of formal analysis now will ease the process of upgrading and configuring the system later. Dont succumb to the easy way out. Planning can be a long and arduous task that is overlooked far too often, but one that pays off ultimately. Network Capacity AnalysisThe capacity of a network is that networks ability to support the amount of data transmitted over it. A network that can support the activity of your organization today may not be able to support the increased activity level when Internet access is offered via Proxy Server. You need to carefully consider the performance ramifications of adding new information services to an already overtaxed network.Although Proxy Servers ability to cache resources saves on performance over the Internet communication link, it does not decrease the amount of data ultimately transferred to the client. Even if 100 percent of requested data is stored in the proxy servers cache, it will still be sent across your local network to the client computer, increasing network traffic significantly.The first step in network capacity analysis is to define a baseline profile of the performance levels of your current network by using Performance Monitor and Network Monitor. This involves sampling various aspects of your network over several days. Examine these readings to decipher what is normal and abnormal about how your network performs. This includes pinpointing which ar eas of your network experience the heaviest load, which users or applications cause the most traffic, ... ...oft recommends that the computer hosting Proxy Server meet the following minimum requirements Intel Pentium 133 or faster 2GB of storage space for caching 32MB of RAM, or moreModerate-Volume NetworkA moderate-volume network is typically a network in a mid-size company with under 1,000 computers. Moderate volume networks can obtain adequate Internet access using two or more proxy servers arranged in an array or chain connected to multiple ISDN lines or a fractional T1. Microsoft recommends that the computer hosting Proxy Server meet the following minimum requirements Intel Pentium 166 or faster 2 to 4GB of storage space for caching 64MB of RAM, or moreHigh-VolumeA high-volume network is typically a network in an enterprise corporation with thousands of computers. High volume networks can obtain adequate Internet access using multiple proxy servers in a combined array and chai n combination connected to a T1 line or greater. Microsoft recommends that the computer hosting Proxy Server meet the following minimum requirements Intel Pentium 200, Pentium Pro 166 or faster 8 to 16GB of storage space for caching 128 to 256MB of RAM, or more

What We Talk About When We Talk About Love by Raymond Carver Essay

What We Talk About When We Talk About Love by Raymond CarverThe short story What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, by Raymond Carver, is about two married couples drinking gin and having a scold about the nature of have a go at it. The conversation is a little sloppy, and the characters make some comments which could either be meaningless because of excessive alcohol in the bloodstream, or could be the characters true feelings because of excessive alcohol in the bloodstream. Overall, the author uses this conversation to show that when a relationship first begins, the people involved whitethorn have misconceptions about their have a go at it, but this love will eventually die off or develop into something much more meaningful. The author sets the scene with the two couples sitting almost a table drinking gin and making small verbalise. The real story begins when the topic of love comes up. Terri, Mels wife, was once married to an abusive man, who ...went on drag me (Terri ) close to the living room. My head kept knocking on things.... What do you do with love like that?.... People are different, Mel. Sure, sometimes he may have acted crazy. Okay. But he loved me. In his own way maybe, but he loved me. (pp 110-111) To the reader, it seems hard to believe that there could be love in a relationship where one partner physically abuses the other. However, in Terris case, both Terri and her ex-husband felt that they were in love. This coincides with the authors theme that early on in a r... What We Talk About When We Talk About Love by Raymond Carver EssayWhat We Talk About When We Talk About Love by Raymond CarverThe short story What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, by Raymond Carver, is about two married couples drinking gin and having a talk about the nature of love. The conversation is a little sloppy, and the characters make some comments which could either be meaningless because of excessive alcohol in the bloodstream, or could be the characters true feelings because of excessive alcohol in the bloodstream. Overall, the author uses this conversation to show that when a relationship first begins, the people involved may have misconceptions about their love, but this love will eventually die off or develop into something much more meaningful. The author sets the scene with the two couples sitting around a table drinking gin and making small talk. The real story begins when the topic of love comes up. Terri, Mels wife, was once married to an abusive man, who ...went on pull me (Terri) around the living room. My head kept knocking on things.... What do you do with love like that?.... People are different, Mel. Sure, sometimes he may have acted crazy. Okay. But he loved me. In his own way maybe, but he loved me. (pp 110-111) To the reader, it seems hard to believe that there could be love in a relationship where one partner physically abuses the other. However, in Terris case, both Terri and her ex-husband fel t that they were in love. This coincides with the authors theme that early on in a r...

What We Talk About When We Talk About Love by Raymond Carver Essay

What We Talk intimately When We Talk around Love by Raymond CarverThe short story What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, by Raymond Carver, is about two married couples drinking gin and having a talk about the nature of love. The conversation is a little sloppy, and the characters make both(prenominal) comments which could either be meaningless because of excessive alcohol in the bloodstream, or could be the characters true feelings because of excessive alcohol in the bloodstream. Overall, the author uses this conversation to specify that when a relationship first begins, the people involved may have misconceptions about their love, but this love will eventually die off or develop into slightlything much more meaningful. The author sets the scene with the two couples sitting around a table drinking gin and making small talk. The tangible story begins when the topic of love comes up. Terri, Mels wife, was once married to an abusive man, who ...went on dragging me (Terri) ar ound the living room. My head kept knocking on things.... What do you do with love like that?.... People are different, Mel. Sure, sometimes he may have acted crazy. Okay. But he loved me. In his own focusing maybe, but he loved me. (pp 110-111) To the reader, it seems hard to believe that there could be love in a relationship where one partner physically abuses the other. However, in Terris case, both Terri and her ex-husband felt that they were in love. This coincides with the authors theme that early on in a r... What We Talk About When We Talk About Love by Raymond Carver EssayWhat We Talk About When We Talk About Love by Raymond CarverThe short story What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, by Raymond Carver, is about two married couples drinking gin and having a talk about the nature of love. The conversation is a little sloppy, and the characters make some comments which could either be meaningless because of excessive alcohol in the bloodstream, or could b e the characters true feelings because of excessive alcohol in the bloodstream. Overall, the author uses this conversation to try that when a relationship first begins, the people involved may have misconceptions about their love, but this love will eventually die off or develop into something much more meaningful. The author sets the scene with the two couples sitting around a table drinking gin and making small talk. The actual story begins when the topic of love comes up. Terri, Mels wife, was once married to an abusive man, who ...went on dragging me (Terri) around the living room. My head kept knocking on things.... What do you do with love like that?.... People are different, Mel. Sure, sometimes he may have acted crazy. Okay. But he loved me. In his own focus maybe, but he loved me. (pp 110-111) To the reader, it seems hard to believe that there could be love in a relationship where one partner physically abuses the other. However, in Terris case, both Terri and her ex-hus band felt that they were in love. This coincides with the authors theme that early on in a r...

The Case Against a Higher Minimum Wage

The Case A readyst a Higher Minimum prosecute raising the minimum pursue hurts the poor. It takes away jobs, keeps people on welfare, and encourages high-school students to drop step up. constitution makers should be clear on the consequence of higher minimum wages. Jobs and the Minimum pursue Economists make water studied the job-destroying features of a higher minimum wage. It is important to severalise that the jobs lost are mainly entry-level jobs. By destroying entry-level jobs, a higher minimum wage harms the lifetime earnings prospects of low-skilled players.Side Effects of aerodynamic lift the Minimum Wage It has been well documented that the minimum wage destroys jobs, particularly the jobs of low-skilled, young workers. However, there are other equally pernicious side effects of higher minimum wages. Higher minimum wages make it more difficult for people to leave welfare and induce high-school students to drop out. Dr. Peter Brandon of the Institute for Research o n Poverty studied how raising the minimum wage affect the transition from welfare to work. 7 He found that raising it keeps welfare mothers on welfare longer.Mothers on welfare in states that raised their minimum wage remained on welfare 44 percent longer than mothers on welfare in states where it was not raised. 8 The causation for this result is that raising the minimum wage induces some people to enter the labor market who would not apply if not for the higher level. With a larger labor market, employers choose higher-skilled applicants. Thus, raising the minimum wage hurts low-skilled workers in two ways. First, there are fewer jobs available. Second, with a larger pool of applicants, competition is stiffer.Low-skilled workers hurt a more difficult time getting those job skills that are crucial to economic well-being. Another side effect of raising the minimum wage is that it increases the number of high-school students who drop out. 9 Some of these students do not find emplo yment. Another group of students are part of those applicants that compete jobs away from welfare recipients. Dropping out of school is very destructive. High school drop-outs have a very difficult time improving their well-being. The Elusive Benefits of a Higher Minimum WageThe proponents of a higher minimum wage argue that it is vitally important to raise it in order to improve the lives of poor workers. However, the raise will have only a limited impact on poor working families. 10 A single rise with two children living in California would gain only 26 cents from a 90 cent increase in the minimum wage. To put this gain in perspective, each minimum wage worker who earns $4. 25 an hour brings home $3. 92 for each hour worked once payroll taxes are deducted. The employer costs of a minimum wage worker is $4. 8 an hour when the employers share of the payroll tax is included. 11 If workers could take home the amount of money it costs the employer to hire workers, they could have 62 c ents more per hour. Clearly, the California parent would be better off if the tax wedge were reduced, rather than increasing the minimum wage. Conclusion we need a system that maximizes opportunities for economic well-being of low-skilled workers. Raising the minimum wage is a wrong-headed solution that will deprive young, poor Americans of an opportunity to improve their economic situation.

Gender Bias in Education Essay

Sitting in the same schoolroom, reading the same textbook, listening to the same instructor, boys and female childs pull in very different developments. (Sadker, 1994) In fact, upon entering school, girls perform equal to or better than boys on nearly any measure of achievement, but by the date they graduate extravagantly school or college, they withstand f eachen behind. (Sadker, 1994)However, discrepancies between the performance of girls and the performance of boys in elementary education plys some critics to argue that boys ar being pretermit within the education system Across the country, boys have never been in more than than trouble They earn 70 percent of the Ds and Fs that teachers dole out. They make up two thirds of students labeled eruditeness disabled. They argon the culprits in a whopping 9 of 10 alcohol and medicine violations and the suspected perpetrators in 4 out of 5 crimes that end up in juvenile court.They account for 80 percent of high school dr opouts and economic aid deficit disorder diagnoses. (Mulrine, 2001) This performance discrepancy is notable throughout Canada. In Ontario, Education Minister Janet Ecker said that the results of the standardized grade 3 and grade 6 testing in math and reading showed, persistent and glaring discrepancies in achievements and attitudes between boys and girls.(ONeill, 2000) In British Columbia, standardized testing indicates that girls outperform boys at all levels of reading and writing and in Alberta testing shows that girls, significantly outperform boys on reading and writing tests, while almost matching them in math and science. (ONeill, 2000) However, the American Association of University Women published a report in 1992 indicating that females receive less attention from teachers and the attention that female students do receive is often more shun than attention received by boys. (Bailey, 1992)In fact, examination of the socialization of sex activity within schools and eviden ce of a sexual activity biased hidden curriculum demonstrates that girls are shortchanged in the classroom. Furthermore, there is significant enquiry indicating steps that can be taken to minimize or eliminate the sex bias currently submit in our education system.The socialization of gender within our schools assures that girls are made assured that they are unequal to boys. Every time students are seated or lined up by gender, teachers are declareing that girls and boys should be treated differently.When an administrator ignores an act of sexual harassment, he or she is allowing the degradation of girls. When different deportments are tolerated for boys than for girls because boys exit be boys, schools are perpetuating the oppression of females. There is some evidence that girls are becoming more academically successful than boys, however examination of the classroom shows that girls and boys confront to be socialized in ways that work against gender equity.Teachers sociali ze girls towards a feminine ideal. Girls are praised for being neat, quiet, and calm, whereas boys are encouraged to think independently, be active and speak up. Girls are socialized in schools to recognize popularity as being important, and learn that educational performance and ability are not as important. Girls in grades six and seven rate being popular and well-liked as more important than being perceived as competent or independent. Boys, on the other hand, are more likely to rank independence and competence as more important.(Bailey, 1992) This socialization of femininity begins much earlier than the middle grades. At very early ages, girls begin defining their femininities in relation to boys. One study of a third grade classroom examined quadruple self-sorted groups of girls within the classroom the nice girls, the girlies, the spice girls and the tomboys. Through interviews researcher Diane Reay found that nice girls was considered a derogatory term indicating, an absence of toughness and attitude.(Reay, 2001) Furthermore, the girlies were a group of girls who focused their time on flirting with and writing love letters to boys, the tomboys were girls who played sports with the boys, and the spice girls espoused girl-power and played rate-the-boy on the playground. Reays research shows that each of the groups of girls defined their own femininities in relation to boys. (2001)The Reay study further demonstrates how socialization of girls occurs at the school level by tolerating different behaviors from boys than from girls. Assertive behavior from girls is often seen as disruptive and may be viewed more negatively by adults. In Reays study, the fact that the spice girls insisted themselves in ways contrary to traditional femininity caused them to be labeled by teachers as real bitches. (2001) This reinforces the notion that girls misbehavior to be looked upon as a character defect, whilst boys misbehavior is viewed as a desire to assert themselves. (Reay, 2001) A permissive attitude towards sexual harassment is another way inwhich schools reinforce the socialization of girls as inferior. When schools ignore sexist, racist, homophobic, and violent interactions between students, they are giving tacit approval to such behaviors. (Bailey, 1992) Yet boys are taunted for throwing like a girl, or crying like a girl, which implies that being a girl is worse than being a boy.According to the American Association of University Women Report, The clear message to both boys and girls is that girls are not worthy of respect and that appropriate behavior for boys includes exerting power over girls or over other, weaker boys. (Bailey, 1992) understandably the socialization of gender is reinforced at school, Because classrooms are microcosms of society, mirroring its strengths and ills alike, it follows that the normal socialization patterns of young children that often lead to distorted perceptions of gender situations are reflected in the classrooms. (Marshall, 1997) Yet gender bias in education reaches beyond socialization patterns, bias is embedded in textbooks, lessons, and teacher interactions with students.This type of gender bias is part of the hidden curriculum of lessons taught implicitly to students through the every day functioning of their classroom. In Myra and David Sadkers research, they noted four types of teacher responses to students teacher praises, providing positive feedback for a response teacher remediates, encouraging a student to correct or expand their answer teacher criticizes, explicitly stating that the answer is incorrect teacher accepts, acknowledging that a student has responded.The Sadkers found that boys were far more likely to receive praise or remediation from a teacher than were girls. The girls were most likely to receive an acknowledgement response from their teacher. (Sadker, 1994) These findings are confirmed by a 1990 study by Good and Brophy that noted that teachers give boys greater opportunity to expand ideas and be animated than they do girls and that they reinforce boys more for general responses than they do for girls. (Marshall, 1997) Beyond teacher responses, surplus services in education appear to be applied more liberally to boys than to girls.Research shows that boys are referred for testing for gifted programs twice as often as girls, which may be because, giftedness is seen as aberrant, and girls strive to conform. (Orenstein, 1994) Boys represent more than two-thirds of all students in special education programs and there is a higher the proportion of malestudents receiving diagnoses that are considered to be subjective.While medical reports indicate that learning disabilities occur in nearly equal numbers of in boys and girls, it may be the case that, Rather than identifying learning problems, school personnel may be mislabeling behavioral problems. Girls who sit quietly are ignored boys who act out are placed in special programs that may not meet their guides. (Bailey, 1992) Gender bias is also taught implicitly through the resources chosen for classroom use.Using texts that omit contributions of women, that tokenize the experiences of women, or that stereotype gender roles, further compounds gender bias in schools curriculum.While research shows that the use of gender-equitable materials allows students to have more gender-balanced knowledge, to develop more flexible attitudes towards gender roles, and to imitate role behaviors contained in the materials (Klein, 1985) schools continue to use gender-biased texts Researchers at a 1990 conference reported that even texts designed to fit within the current California guidelines on gender and race equity for textbook adoption showed subtle language bias, neglect of scholarship on women, omission of women as developers of history and initiators of events, and absence of women from accounts of technological developments. (Bailey, 1992) Clearly the socialization of gende r roles and the use of a gender-biased hidden curriculum lead to an inequitable education for boys and girls.What changes can be made to create a more equitable learning environment for all children? First, teachers need to be made aware of their gender-biased tendencies. Next, they need to be provided with strategies for altering the behavior.Finally, efforts need to be made to beleaguer gender bias in educational materials. A study by Kelly Jones, Cay Evans, Ronald Byrd, and Kathleen Campbell (2000) used analysis of videotaped lessons in order to introduce teachers to their own gender-biased behavior.Requiring in-service programs to yell gender bias in the classroom will make teachers more aware of their own behaviors As a teacher, I was struck by the Sadkers research on classroom exchanges and was forced to acknowledge the disproportionate amount of time and energy, as well as the different sorts of attention, I give to male students. (McCormick, 1995) one time teachers have r ecognized their gender-biased behaviors, they need to be provided with resources to help them change. In their study focusing on how the effects ofa gender resource model would accept gender-biased teaching behaviors, Jones, Evans, Burns, and Campbell (2000) provided teachers with a self-directed module aimed at reducing gender bias in the classroom.The module contained research on gender equity in the classroom, specific activities to reduce stereotypical thinking in students, and self-evaluation worksheets for teachers. The findings from this study support the hypothesis that female students would move from a position of relative deficiency toward more equity in total interactions. (Jones, 2000)This demonstrates that teachers who are made aware of their gender-biased teaching behaviors and then provided with strategies and resources to combat bias are better able to promote gender equity in their classrooms. However, beyond changing their own teaching behaviors, teachers need to be aware of the gender bias imbedded in many educational materials and texts and need to take steps to combat this bias.Curriculum researchers have established six attributes that need to be considered when trying to establish a gender-equitable curriculum. Gender-fair materials need to acknowledge and affirm variation. They need to be inclusive, accurate, affirmative, representative, and integrated, weaving together the experiences, needs, and interests of both males and females. (Bailey, 1992) We need to look at the stories we are telling our students and children. Far too many of our classroom examples, storybooks, and texts trace a world in which boys and men are bright, curious, brave, inventive, and powerful, but girls and women are silent, passive, and invisible.(McCormick, 1995) Furthermore, teachers can help students identify gender-bias in texts and facilitate critical discussions as to wherefore that bias exists. Gender bias in education is an insidious problem that cau ses very few people to stand up and take notice. The victims of this bias have been trained through years of schooling to be silent and passive, and are therefore unwilling to stand up and make noise about the raw treatment they are receiving.Over the course of years the uneven distribution of teacher time, energy, attention, and talent, with boys getting the lions share, takes its toll on girls. (Sadker, 1994) Teachers are largely unaware of their own biased teaching behaviors because they are simply teaching how they were taught and the subtle gender inequities found in teaching materials are often overlooked. Girls and boys at present are receiving separate and unequal educations due to the gendersocialization that takes place in our schools and due to the sexist hidden curriculum students are faced with every day.Unless teachers are made aware of the gender-role socialization and the biased messages they are unintentionally imparting to students everyday, and until teachers a re provided with the methods and resources necessary to eliminate gender-bias in their classrooms, girls will continue to receive an inequitable education. Departments of education should be providing mandatory gender-equity resource modules to in-service teachers, and gender bias needs to be addressed with all pre-service teachers.Educators need to be made aware of the bias they are reinforcing in their students through socialization messages, inequitable division of special education services, sexist texts and materials, and unbalanced time and types of attention spent on boys and girls in the classroom. Until educational sexism is eradicated, more than half our children will be shortchanged and their gifts lost to society. (Sadker, 1994) ReferencesBailey, S. (1992) How Schools Shortchange GirlsThe AAUW Report. New York, NY Marlowe & Company. Jones, K., Evans, C., Byrd, R., Campbell, K. (2000) Gender equity training and teaching behavior. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 27 (3 ), 173-178. Klein, S. (1985) Handbook for Achieving Sex Equity Through Education. Baltimore, MD The Johns Hopkins University Press. Marshall, C.S. & Reihartz, J. (1997) Gender issues in the classroom. Clearinghouse, 70 (6), 333-338. McCormick, P. (1995) Are girls taught to fail? U.S. Catholic, 60, (2), 38-42. Mulrine, A. (2001) Are Boys the Weaker Sex?U.S. News & World Report, 131 (4), 40-48. ONeill, T. (2000) Boys problems dont matter. Report/ Newsmagazine (National Edition), 27 (15), 54-56. Orenstein, P. (1994) Schoolgirls Young Women, Self-Esteem and the Confidence Gap. New York, NY Doubleday. Reay, D. (2001) Spice girls, Nice Girls, Girlies, and Tomboys gender discourses. Girls cultures and femininities in the primary classroom. Gender and Education, 13 (2), 153-167. Sadker, D., Sadker, M. (1994) Failing at Fairness How Our Schools Cheat Girls. Toronto, ON Simon & Schuster Inc.

English Assignment

HK Immigration Department Immigration Tower, 7 Gloucester channel, Wan Chai, Hong Kong 10 January 2013 Mr. Aris Chu 3/F, 8 York Road Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong loved Mr. Chu RE Working Holiday Scheme Thank you for your letter dated 2 January 2013 enquiring ab come on the Working Holiday Scheme to New Zealand. I am glad to countenance the in cast of charactersation you need. Concerning the visa, ordinary visit visa holders are not allowed to naturalise there. It allows you to leave and return to the host country quadruple times. It allows the holders work in the same company for up to 3 months.Our work visa is valid for 12 months. Please note that any time you lapse out of the country will not be added to the time the work visa is valid for in the ordinary visit. In addition, a financial demonstration of a certain amount of savings is needed, New Zealand is about NZ$ 4200 and Australia is about AU$ 5000. I am sorry to announce that the government will not provide any subsides for the applicants. However, the first 50 applicants will no need to pay administrative fee of HK$250, but you need to submit the application form as soon as possible.The annual quota of Australia and New Zealand are 5000 and 400. Regarding job seeking, the jobs in restaurants or bars are quite easy to find as a backpacker. Also, you can get seasonal jobs like fruit picking in farms and vineyards. During your stay, there is no language requirement to be eligible. I hope that the information enclosed will prove useful to you. Please feel free to contact us again if you have any further questions to our prescribed website at http//whs. esdlife. com/. Yours sincerely Steve Petersons Senior Immigration OfficerEnglish AssignmentHK Immigration Department Immigration Tower, 7 Gloucester Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong 10 January 2013 Mr. Aris Chu 3/F, 8 York Road Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Dear Mr. Chu RE Working Holiday Scheme Thank you for your letter dated 2 January 2013 enquiring about the Workin g Holiday Scheme to New Zealand. I am glad to provide the information you need. Concerning the visa, ordinary visit visa holders are not allowed to work there. It allows you to leave and return to the host country multiple times. It allows the holders work in the same company for up to 3 months.Our work visa is valid for 12 months. Please note that any time you spend out of the country will not be added to the time the work visa is valid for in the ordinary visit. In addition, a financial proof of a certain amount of savings is needed, New Zealand is about NZ$ 4200 and Australia is about AU$ 5000. I am sorry to announce that the government will not provide any subsides for the applicants. However, the first 50 applicants will no need to pay administrative fee of HK$250, but you need to submit the application form as soon as possible.The annual quota of Australia and New Zealand are 5000 and 400. Regarding job seeking, the jobs in restaurants or bars are quite easy to find as a backp acker. Also, you can get seasonal jobs like fruit picking in farms and vineyards. During your stay, there is no language requirement to be eligible. I hope that the information enclosed will prove useful to you. Please feel free to contact us again if you have any further questions to our official website at http//whs. esdlife. com/. Yours sincerely Steve Petersons Senior Immigration Officer

Physical Activity

CYPOP 4 Promote young soulfulness childrens physical activity and movement skills 1. 1 condone why physical activity is important to the short and long stipulation health and salutary being of children fleshly activity is important to the short term and long term health and well being of children. In the short term physical activity helps children to build muscle, develops the skeletal frame, develops the heart and lung function and helps obstruct obesity. If children have enough physical activity a day which is said to be up to an hour it drive out help children get to respite easier and sleep for longer periods of time.This can lead onto long term benefits as if the activity is outside it go forth also help to build up a accept adequate to(p) immune system so they are less likely to fall ill to the common cold or the flu. The out brink environment helps the overall well being of the children as the outdoors makes them feel free which helps their emotional and social ma turement, as it allow them to check off new skills and develop confidence in play alongside others. In the long term physical activity helps the children to become interested in sports and outdoor activities.This is a good foundation to build when the children are young because as they grow older children and young adults start to become less active so early physical activity is more unspoiled for the child in the long term. If when children are young and do not sign part in physical activity it is more likely that they will become obese later on in life which in human action could end up with them getting more serious diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer or heart diseases, it could also result in girls having osteoporosis later on in life. Physical activity does not meanspirited expense.This could be that you go for walks in the local area and make it fun by having skipping/hopping/running races between lampposts etc and taking a ball so you can call at the local park fo r a kick around. This could also incorporate a nature trip to collect and see things, so children whitethorn not realise how far they are going. Indoor activities could include wii fit hour, which I incorporate as every child can have a go. There is also keepy uppy, which is a balloon that you pass around so it doesnt touch the floor or musical statues for movement and balance. 1. Explain the development of movement skills in young children and how these skills affect other aspects of development. 89 CYPOP 4 1. 2 In order to achieve the physical skills required for the areas in the rover diagram, a mixture of movement skills need to be acquired in the right order. They include the following Hand-Eye Coordination. Many activities require hands and eyes to work together. To shot a ball, for example, the brain needs to take information from the eyes and use it to inform the movements that have to be made with the hands. Foot Eye coordination.Children have to check out to guide thei r feet. Climbing stairs and kicking a ball require this type of coordination. Balance. Balance is a complicated skill. Although it is one that most people take for granted. The ability to balance develops with age, with most children relying on visual input to balance. The development of these skills follows the development of the central nervous system (principally the brain and spinal cord) in babies and young children. The central nervous system is responsible for collecting, interpreting and sending out information to all parts of the body.Information is constantly collected via the bodys senses of taste, touch, smell, rush and hearing. This information is then transformed into electrical pulses that are carried by the nerves, up through the spinal cord and into the brain. From the information received, the brain then responds and sends out book of instructions to muscles, glands and organs using the network of nerves a realize. The whole process is surprisingly quick, which m eans the body can take action against possible danger, for example, a person will instantly withdraw their hand from something that is very hot.In babies and young children the central nervous system has to mature. At first babies are reliant on the many a(prenominal) survival reflexes they are born with. These are automatic reactions, but in order to gain conceal, the central nervous system has to learn how to interpret and control these responses. Gaining physical control. The rate at which babies and children gain control over their bodies varies enormously, but it is recognised that there are three key principles that underpin the gaining of control. Development follows a definite sequence.Movements and control develop in a certain pattern, which means that babies cannot walk before leaning to sit unwarranted. Development begins with the control of head movements and publication downwards and outwards. Babies first gain control of their head and top of the spine before other parts of the body. This is thought to be a survival weapon as it is important for babies to be able to turn their heads to feed. 90 CYPOP 4 1. 2 Development begins with uncontrolled gross motor movements before becoming hairsplitting and refined.Babies gain control over their arms before managing to control their hands and fingers. This principle is an important one to remember when teaching children new skills, such as handwriting, as it means that they will need to start making large letter shapes before using pencils to make much smaller ones. AGE HAND-EYE COORDINATION sweat SKILL 3 months Can find hands and bring to mouth. Looks Kicks legs strongly and moves arms. at and plays with fingers Movements less jerky although not coordinated Can lift and turn head from side to side when laying on front 6 months Grasps objects Begin to roll over Pulls up legs with Follows adults movements hands when on back Pushes head, bonk and chest off floor when on front 9 months Bangs objects together Sits up well unsupported reaches out for toys may be crawling or shuffling on bottom 12 months Picks up objects with thumb and Mobile either crawling, shuffling or forefinger points to objects holds cup rolling Sits up unsupported for long with help periods walks with assistance tries to crawl upstairs 15 months Holds and drinks from cup with two hands Crawls at a lower place feet first Walks Builds tower of two bricks independently position self in small chair 18 months Threads four large beads Bends down from waist to pick up objects Turns door knobs and handles Squats down to look at objects, Rolls and Pulls off shoes and hat throws a ball, Walks downstairs with adult help,Pushes and pulls toys while walking 2 years Uses a withdraw to feed themselves Kicks a ball that is not moving, Climbs Puts on shoes on low climbing frame, Walks up and Builds a tower of 5/6 blocks downstairs confidently 3 year s Uses a spoon and ford, puts on and takes Walks and runs forward, Walks on tiptoes, off coat, Turns pages in a book one by Throws large ball, Kicks ball forward, one Jumps from low steps, Pedals and steers tricycle 4 Years Buttons and unbuttons own clothing, puts Walks on a line Aims and throws a ball, together 12 piece jigsaw Bounces and catches a large ball, runs changing direction, Hops on one foot, Pedals and steers a tricycle confidently 5 years Forms letters Dresses and undresses Skips with a rope, Runs quickly and is easily, Cuts out shapes with scissors, able to avoid obstacles, Is able to use a Draws round a template variety of equipment, e. g. swings and slides, Hits ball with bat or stick The development of movement skills gives children independence. everywhere time, they are no longer reliant on adults to physically feed them, clothe them and move them from one place to another(prenominal). This gives children great co nfidence and also allows them to learn because they can now explore. Children are also able to use their new found skills to play more challenging games and also play together.The diagram below shows physical skills link to other aspects of childrens overall development. Griffin S 2010 Children and Young Peoples Worksforce 1st Ed Portsmouth Heinemann92 Travel (travelling movements where the child moves from one point to another such as running, jumping, skipping) Object Control (movements such as throwing, catching, dribbling which involve objects being sent, received, travelled with) MOVEMENT SKILLS Balance & Coordination Cognitive Development much(prenominal) of childrens learning is linked to practical activities. This requires movement skills. There seems also to be a link between early physical movements and brain movements Physical SkillsLanguage Development Language develops when there are things to talk about. This is made easier when children can do things or move themse lves to explore or see things. It gives them a land to talk. Social Development Play in childrens early years is quite active rather than language based e. g. playing in sand, dress up. Children can join in if they have developed the physical skills Emotional Development Builds childrens confidence. When children can do things for themselves, they are more likely to gain confidence. They can do things how and when they want. Children can also use physical skills to explore themselves e. g. draw, paint, dance

Waste Treatment

This PwC Report documents the bring up proceedings during the seminar It is for internal usage of iNDEXTb and former(a) presidential term of Gujarat agencies and departments only. July 2012 Detailed Report combine botch focus Emerging Trends, Ch onlyenges and right smart send on Seminar on corporate desert Management Challenges and trend Forward Table of Contents 1. Summary and government agency Forward .. 2. Inaugural plenary . 4 2. 1 Welcome cry and Introductory Remarks 5 2. 2 Address .. 2. 3 Key Note Address . 6 2. 4 Inaugural Address by Guest of Honour .. 6 2. 5 Inaugural Address by antique Guest 2. 6 Concluding Remarks 7 3. Technical Plenary I sustainable Waste Management .. 8 slant of Speakers . 8 3. Introductory Remarks by Session electric chair .. 8 3. 2 Waste Management. 8 3. 3 Handling Emerging Waste Streams E-Waste and barbaric Waste Management 9 3. 4 Need for Mixed Technologies in Waste administration taper on Waste to Energy .. 3. 5 Closing Remarks by Session Chairman . 10 4. Panel sermon From Door to Dump . 11 List of Speakers 1 5. Technical Plenary II Harnessing Waste for Wealth.. 14 List of Speakers 14 5. 1 Introductory Remarks by Session Chairman . 14 5. Presentation by Surat municipal confederation .. 14 5. 3 Facilitating familiar Private Partnerships in Waste Management . 15 5. 4 damage political economy How to create a revenue model 15 5. 5 Towards Zero Waste Exploring the Systems Approach .. 6 6. Closing Remarks. . 17 Seminar on co-ordinated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Forward Seminar on unified Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 1. Summary and Way Forward The fol execrableing table summarizes the key parameters of the Seminar Parameter International Speakers Domestic Speakers Total Participants Total Number 2 17 350+The Way Forward across divers(prenominal) dimensions as suggested by the speakers and participants argon menti championd below Integrated take i n focus impression should focus on knock off reduction along with recycle and reuse. This after part be done by raising awareness towards multiplication of scratch off. Cities doing better in the fields of urban phylogeny including eat management should start share-out their learning and experience with smaller towns and cities. This can in like manner be facilitated by PEARL initiative under JnNURM.Source-based segregation postulate to be encouraged finished awareness drives among citizens and other consumers of fade management services. This would too require worthy collection mechanisms and vehicles which can transport segregated fuck ups. government needs to promote credence of upstart technologies and processes for muck up treatment suitable for the entangled nature of Indian drive away. Waste to muscle solutions for Indian fade are possible despite humble calorific esteem and the same need to be encouraged done adoption of appear technologies like ga sification, concord blue tower, co processing among others.Viability of waste matter-to- cipher solutions and other treatment disposal / recycling facilities can be boosted by clubbing smaller municipalities which do not have the financial wherewithal so that a roughhewn facility can be created and shared. Liquid waste management requires better collection efficiency which calls for sewerage network and other supporting infrastructure curiously in smaller towns and cities. There is need for building more bio-medical and electronic waste treatment facilities. Both these categories of doubtful waste are rapidly uphill waste streams which need dedicated facilities for disposal and treatment.Private heavens participation in waste management needs to be bolstered further which calls for development of suitable framework, expertness building of urban Local Bodies and proper share of risk between the public and private region. Private participation in the vault of heaven in like manner needs to be facilitated through creation of a market for recyclables, raising awareness among citizens to increase willingness to pay and transparent pricing for levying user charges along with billing systems on the lines of electri urban center and water supply bills for waste management services.Zero waste scenario is achievable a paradigm shift in waste management acquitivities that is required. PwC summon 3 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 2. Inaugural Plenary The Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead was held in Surat at Science Centre on 06 July 2012. Gujarat which is right away one of the fastest urbanizing states in the state is also a strong industrial and economic hub.Unprecedented growth in its cities and urban sprawl are making adoption of new ideas in urban development sector inevitable. Waste management is a critical force field and it requires special effo rts to plan and manage the spiralling waste coevals that is taking place, given the complex issues viz. new emerging waste streams, surroundingsal challenges of waste handling and treatment among others.Towards this end, a 1-day seminar on combine waste management was organized to brainstorm on emerging ideas, technologies, and systems in waste collection, treatment, disposal and recovery. The seminar was held at Surat, a model city for waste management processes in not just Gujarat simply the entire country. The Inaugural session began by lighting of the lamp by the honourable dignitaries gracing the event. These dignitaries complicated pretend Shri Ranjitbhai Gilitwala Shri Narottambhai Patel Dr. M Ramachandran, IAS Mr. I P Gautam, IAS Mr. S J Haider, IAS Mr. M K Das, IAS Mr.Piyush Shah Organization presidency of Gujarat Government of Gujarat Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India Urban Development and Urban housing department, Government of Gujarat Gujarat Ur ban Development Company Surat Municipal Corporation Confederation of Indian diligence appointee Honourable Minister of State Cottage industries, saltiness Industries, Printing and stationery, mean and Transport Honourable Minister Panchayat, Rural housing and Rural Development, Food, accomplished Supplies and Consumer Affairs Former Secretary Principal Secretary Managing film director Commissioner Chairman, CII Gujarat State Council PwCPage 4 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 2. 1 Welcome Address and Introductory Remarks Mr. M K Das, IAS, Commissioner, Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) delivered the opening address by greeting and extending a flying welcome to all esteem dignitaries and august auditory modality to the 1-day event organized at Surat, as a run up to the Vibrant Gujarat 2013 Summit. Mr. Das say that the pace of urbanization was posing multiple challenges to urban local bodies including development of physi cal and social infrastructure which not only meets current demand but also sustains future growth.One of the biggest challenges is prep of a healthy and clean environment to the citizens and in this context, scientific management of waste becomes very important. He express that the seminar was a ethical platform for knowledge sharing and he hoped that it would provide useful insights into the current and future trends in the sector. Introducing the city of Surat, Mr. Das said that Surat is among the fastest ontogeny cities in the country. It is the 2nd wide-rangingst city of Gujarat and 9th largest city in India with a population of 4. 5 million and an area spread of 320 sq km.Large scale presence of industries especially the material and diamond industry has contributed a lot to this growth. Greater potential of employment and options for better livelihood has attracted a large influx of migrants. This enormous growth has simultaneously tested the waste management processes in the city with around 1,200-1,400 metric tonnes of solid waste and 700 million litres of bland waste being produced in the city per day. It is therefore a big challenge for SMC to ensure effective systems and processes for collection and disposal of municipal waste. Government of Gujarat, Mr.Das said, has been progressive with a futuristic outlook and like a shots seminar is a part of its proactive initiatives to bring out innovative and practical solutions in the field of waste management. This seminar aims at coordination of waste management efforts across the country and plans to provide a platform for sharing training related to conglomerate initiatives and political platforms. Mr. Das reason out by expressing hope that ideas generated in this seminar will act as a catalyst for further development of the waste management sector and provide clear action points for providing a clean, green and healthy environment for the people. . 2 Address Principal Secretary, Urban Dev elopment and Urban Housing department, Government of Gujarat opened his note by introducing to the audience the Vibrant Gujarat Summit 2013 and the seminars organized by the Urban Development and Urban Housing department as a run up to the main event in January 2013. He said that the venue for Seminar on Integrated waste management was carefully chosen as Surat because of the excellent work being done by Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) and the seminar would therefore offer an opportunity to delegates and other urban local bodies to incorporate learning from work done in this city.Underscoring the importance of change required in waste management sector, Mr. Gautam said that it was necessary to discard age old ideas and adopt emerging technologies and systems which countries and leading cities around the world are practising. Mr. Gautam also briefed the audience around the inception of Gujarat Urban Development Company in 2001 for reconstruction of earthquake affected towns and it s expansion later as a nodal agency for the urban development department providing coordination and support to all 159 municipalities across various areas of urban development.He ended his note inviting all the experts present to share their ideas and experiences and make the seminar fruitful. PwC Page 5 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 2. 3 Key Note Address Dr. M Ramachandran, IAS, Former Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India opened his note by congratulating Surat City for featuring 4th in the list of fastest developing cities. He pointed out that various models in the area of waste management emanating out of Suart could be practised cross the country.He said that with more than 2 lakh MT of waste produced everyday by just about 8,000 towns and cities in the county, it has become imperative to handle waste in an effective manner so that cities remain clean and wastes can be re-cycled and re-used in th e outflank possible manner. He also highlighted the change of composition in waste produced in India. He said that over the last 10 years, plastic waste has increased 10-fold whereas paper waste has gone up to just 2 times so we need to choose waste handling technology with these changes in consideration. Dr.Ramachandran stressed upon the need for 0verall waste management policy at the state level so that cities have clear guidelines for waste management. He also insisted that general waste management policy should have guidelines for waste handling, re descents allocation and should clearly define graphic symbols and responsibility of various bodies like pollution board and local bodies wh0 are involved in waste management. He said that creating awareness among masses for waste reduction is equally important and urged electoral representatives to prioritize this factor of 3R.He also said that creating awareness cannot be left to local bodies as every citizen should be made aware of slipway to reduce waste and different eco-friendly ways of doing things. Dr. M Ramachandran pointed out that we have various service level benchmarks and National Sanitation Policy and it is important to timely implement these policies so that in a comprehensive manner, fundamentals of solid waste management can be addressed. He concluded by saying that we need to quantify actions at the city level so that changes can be achieved with long term perspective. 2. 4 Inaugural Address by Guest of HonourHonble Minister of State for Cottage Industries, Salt Industries, Printing and Stationery, Planning and Transport, Mr. Ranjitbhai Gilitwala was the Guest of Honour. In his address, he congratulated Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) for organizing this important seminar on Integrated Waste Management and also appreciated the worthy work done by SMC. After the plague epidemic that gripped the city in 1994, tremendous work was undertaken to make the city clean and green by SMC. Today, S urat has emerged as one of the best cities to live and work and offers quality lifestyle, said Mr.Gilitwala. Honble minister also said that waste treatment and recycling should not solo be the focus and called for efforts from people to reduce the generation of waste. Reducing generation can go a long way in addressing sustainability concerns, along with recycling and reuse of the waste generated. Government of Gujarat under the visionary leadershiphip of Honble Chief Minister, Shri Narendra Modi aimed to focus on environmental issues and seminars such as these were an important platform for sharing of ideas and knowledge collaboration. PwC Page 6 of 18Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 2. 5 Inaugural Address by Chief Guest Honble Minister of Panchayat, Rural Housing, Rural Development, Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs, Government of Gujarat Sheri Narrottambhai Patel was the chief guest. In his inaugural address, he lauded the efforts of Surat Municipal Corporation and people of Surat City in significantly transforming Surat from a plague-ridden city to one of the cleanest city in India. Honble minister said that effective waste management is integral to overall development of Gujarat.He also said that with 158 municipalities and 8 municipal passels in the state, there is need for continuous learning from mutual best practices. Honble minister reinforced the commitment of government towards waste management and also said that Government of Gujarat wants to develop all its cities in the line of Surat in the waste management area. 2. 6 Concluding Remarks Mr. Piyush Shah, Chairman, CII State Council, Gujarat and Managing coach Hitachi HiRel Power Electronics Pvt Ltd, concluded the session by thanking all speakers and dignitaries for sharing their knowledge and sparing time for attending the event.Mr. Shah lauded the efforts being undertaken by Government of Gujarat to promote information sharing and brain storming on the important issue of waste management having wide spread ramifications for the development of our cities. PwC Page 7 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 3. Technical Plenary I Sustainable Waste Management List of Speakers Name Dr. M Ramachandran, IAS Prof. Chetan Vaidya Dr. A N Vaidya Dr.Juergen Porst Organization Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India National Institute of Urban Affairs National environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR NEERI) Bavarian Waste connectedness Incinerators Designation Former Secretary Director Senior Principal Scientist and Head Solid Waste Management Division Senior Advisor, GIZ (IndoGerman Bilateral Agency) 3. 1 Introductory Remarks by Session Chairman Dr. M Ramachandran, Former Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India opened the session by introducing the speakers and setting the context for the discussion.He urged speakers to talk about new models, ideas and ways to move towards better waste management in our cities and deliberate on the challenges facing waste management sector in India. 3. 2 Waste Management Prof. Chetan Vaidya, Director, National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) talked about the trends in the waste management sector. Municipal Solid Waste Management rules in India were formed in the year 2000 and there was a need to relook at those since there had been several challenges in implementing them. Public private partnership models have also been facing issues of absence of user charges, labor rationalization etc.Quoting an NIUA report, Prof. Vaidya highlighted that waste management is essentially an operation and sustainment issue and steps were needed to overhaul the sector keeping in view this important perspective. Integrated waste management is the need of the hour and Kanpur city in the northern state of India, Uttar Pradesh presented a good example of outsourcing end to end solutions in the waste management sector. Surat in Gujarat too with a combination of operators providing different services presented an alternate example of effective waste management solutions. Dr.Vaidya also spoke about PEARL (Peer Experience and Reflective Learning) initiative under JnNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission), the ambitious program of Government of India, being an effective source of promoting knowledge sharing among cities so that learning emerging from urban centres can be shared across the country for wider benefits. There was a need felt to raise awareness about PEARL across cities in India which was being done by NIUA through its various efforts and initiatives. PwC Page 8 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead . 3 Handling Emerging Waste Streams E-Waste and Hazardous Waste Management Emerging waste streams in India like biomedical and electronic waste need technologically superior solutions to handle them, said Dr. A N Vaidya, Scientist at the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI). Dr. Vaidya started his note by highlighting the ever-changing composition of pollution, both air and water in the country over last few decades. The composition of waste generated had also changed and reflected new types of pollutants and this had made new appeal in waste sector inevitable.The new approach had shifted to management of waste from treatment only perspective and cleaner technologies along with advanced treatment, equipments etc were now available. The major challenge in managing hazardous composites of waste streams is the heterogeneous nature of waste generated and dealing with this requires that waste minimization strategies remain at the core of our approach. This include both reduction at source as well as recycling and extracting as much as possible. Dr.Vaidya, apprised the audience of the advanced treatment processes which are available in the market today viz. membrane ba sed processes, advanced oxidation processes among others. He also talked about ways for selection of an appropriate treatment process based on composition of waste and elaborated on how various processes worked. Remediation methods that could go a long way in preventing damage to environment and living conditions include regular assessment of contamination levels and selection of the right treatment process along with other initiatives.To conclude, Dr. Vaidya underlined that waste management is a dynamic sector with changing composition of wastes and there is a need to rapidly adopt newer and better technologies and treatment processes. 3. 4 Need for Mixed Technologies in Waste Disposal Focus on Waste to Energy Dr. Juergen Porst has been works for over three decades in the waste management sector. He is currently working for GIZ German International Cooperation, Government of Bavaria and several state governments in India along with over 26 countries across the world. Dr. Porst talk ing about waste o energy trends briefed the audience about the waste management sector in Germany and the strategy that European countries had adopted which had led to them excelling in the sector. European strategy of following a hierarchic approach through prevention, reuse, recycling, recovery and disposal had led to excellent results. The heating values in developed economies were higher while the nature of Indian waste resulted in it having a low value. However, Dr. Porst stated that this was slowly changing and calorific value of Indian waste was also on the rise.The options available for non-recyclable waste management broadly included mechanical-biological processes and thermal treatment processes. Land filling however proved to be a more costly decision over the longer run callable to the high cost of operations and after care costs. Dr. Porst also busted several myths surrounding waste incineration techniques like it not being eco-friendly and being expensive than mechan icalbiological treatment (MBT). He underscored that waste recycling and waste to energy did not conflict they in fact complemented each other.Dr Porst, presented several products where energy produced from waste could be used for marketable products and earnings that could accrue. Waste to energy conversion methods were also environmental friendly and facilitate efficient climate protection due to their furthest less emissions than equivalent landfill sites. Coincineration also provided for carbon credit benefits though the reliability over long term remained low. PwC Page 9 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way AheadEnabling waste to energy based projects called for conducive conditions to be created in terms of legal frameworks, market conditions prevalent and generating flourishing public opinion and acceptance among masses. 3. 5 Closing Remarks by Session Chairman The technical plenary on Sustainable waste management was concluded by the session chairman, Dr. M Ramachandran who thanked the speakers for their valuable inputs and ideas. PwC Page 10 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 4.Panel Discussion From Door to Dump A ornament discussion was held on the topic of From Door to Dump Issues and way forward in segregation, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. The panel which consisted of eminent panellists expressed their views and concerns and proposed solutions to move faster towards end to end solutions for the waste management sector effective to combat challenges across the value chain. List of Speakers Name Mr. I P Gautam, IAS Mr. N M Tabhani Prof. Dinesh Mehta Dr. Amiya Kumar Sahu Mr. Arun Gor Mr.Debashish Tripathy Organization Urban Development and Urban Housing Department, Government of Gujarat Gujarat Pollution Control Board Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology National Solid Waste Association of India All India Institute of L ocal Self Government, Mumbai IL & FS Environmental Infrastructure and Services Ltd Designation Principal Secretary older Environmental Engineer Professor Emeritus President Vice President PwC Page 11 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead ? Mr.I P Gautam, IAS, Principal Secretary, Urban Development and Urban Housing Department, Government of Gujarat Opening the session, Mr. Gautam welcomed all the esteemed speakers on the dias. On the topic From Door to Dump, he said the topic was very aptly termed as an effective management of waste calls for working across all activities of the process. Mr. Gautam said that one of the potential ways of overcoming issues in the waste management sector was to facilitate some form of clubbing of municipalities so that economies of scale could be leveraged where in municipalities benefit from common land could fill sites and treatment plants.Doing this would also help smaller municipalities who due to l esser generation of waste currently find investing in treatment and processing activities unfeasible. He stated that though creation of scientific landfills was easy, it was often the operation and maintenance of these landfills which was a concern. Concluding his remarks, Mr. Gautam lauded the efforts of Surat Municipal Corporation in the city he also requested for support from the people in sustaining these initiatives and making them fruitful. Mr. N M Tabhani, Sr. Environmental Engineer Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) On behalf of GPCB, Mr.Tabhani spoke about the challenges in waste processing and newer ways of handling waste for all round benefits. Mr. Tabhani talked about Co-processing as an effective way of handling waste from industrial processes while recovering energy and material value from them which in flake could be supplied to energy intensive industries like cement production units. Use of cement kilns also offers large scale benefits over traditional hazard ous waste incinerators due to high temperatures, long residence time and oxidizing conditions present leading to reduction in emissions.While there are several others methods of processing waste for energy to meet treatment challenges, a distinct advantage that co-processing offers in handling heterogeneous Indian waste is its ability to process plastic and non recyclables from composting plants as well. However, there are certain materials like leather, iron, stones, x-ray films etc which should not be sent for processing and municipalities must ensure proper segregation. Prof. Dinesh Mehta, Professor Emeritus, Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology Prof.Mehta in his note threw light on the major issues facing waste management sector in India and Gujarat. After giving an overview of the waste characteristics in the state of Gujarat, he underlined that though waste collection efficiency was high in its cities, the extent of segregation and recovery dormant called for more efforts, especially in towns and smaller urban centres. Scientific disposal of waste needed focus even in larger cities having municipal corporations. Financial sustainability also stay an area which needed attention due to low recovery of costs. Apart from these, Prof.Mehta also highlighted other issues where work was required like focus on collection of liquid waste with non-sewered liquid waste content still remaining substantial in smaller urban centres. Bio medical and e-waste collection was yet another emerging area where there was a need to have more treatment facilities for these. Dr. Amiya Kumar Sahu, President, National Solid Waste Association National Solid Waste Association of India (NSWAI) is the only leading professional non-profit organization in the field of Solid Waste Management including Toxic and Hazardous Waste and also Biomedical Waste in India.Speaking on the challenges and way forward in the area of solid waste management, Dr. Sahu started his presentation by giving an overview of current scenario of waste management in India and also pointed out the changing composition of waste produced in India. He suggested several way forward including segregation of waste streams at the household level, provision of suitable and different transport vehicles as per demands of the nature of waste generated locally, stimulating market for recyclables. Dr.Sahu said that Government should incentivize private sector participation and promote new concepts like waste to energy through renewable energy certificates. He stressed upon the need of bringing in appropriate government policy initiatives for the same. ? ? ? PwC Page 12 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead ? Mr. Arun Gor, All India Institute of Local Self Government, Mumbai Mr. Gor started his presentation by giving an overview of types of waste and various laws pertaining to waste management. He pointed out that till date we dont have any separa te law dealing with e-waste.He then spoke about principal areas of management and handling of municipal solid waste. Mr. Gour highlighted the importance of segregation at source and how this can help in achieving more recycling of waste. He said that real problem is selection of appropriate technology depending upon waste generation and availability of land and further suggested that large ULBs with waste generation above 300 T/day should have centralized plants with priority of generating Organic Fertilizer from Bio-Waste Waste to Energy Options are suitable for those generating 1,000T/ day and above.He concluded by saying that areas like segregation at source, storage, collection, transport, recycling, processing and final disposal requires coordinated action and policy changes so that issues of Municipal Waste Management can be addressed. ? Mr. Debashish Tripathy, Vice President, IL&FS Environmental Infrastructure and Services Ltd IL&FS Environmental Infrastructure and Services L td (IEISL) is one of the leaders in the waste management sector in India which has adopted an integrated approach in the sector and offers services from collection, processing to energy conversion.Speaking on the challenges encountered in the waste management sector, Mr. Tripathi underlined issues facing the much needed public private partnership models. He mentioned that budgetary allocations of municipal authorities was often not enough and also that a major cost was incurred on collection and transportation while not enough was being spent on treatment and energy conversion. Development of institutional and financial capability in the municipalities was also required as was the need to carve out viable business models for private sector involvement.The absence of willingness to pay among the citizens was a major hurdle and Mr. Tripathi suggested that it was necessary to start charging citizens for waste management services and billing systems on the lines of electricity and wate r bills were required. He also recommended profileration of education and benefits of segregation and waste disposal among children so that awareness seeps in the society. Carbon financing advances and post financing were other options that need to be looked at. PwC Page 13 of 18Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 5. Technical Plenary II Harnessing Waste for Wealth List of Speakers Name Shri M K Das, IAS Ms. Caroline Twigg Mr. Rahul Bedmutha Mr. Prayas Goel Organization Surat Municipal Corporation World Business Council Sustainable Development for Designation Municipal Commissioner India Coordinator Associate Director Managing Director CRISIL, lay on the line and Infrastructure Solutions Rochem India Pvt Ltd 5. 1 Introductory Remarks by Session ChairmanShri M K Das, IAS, Commissioner, Surat Municipal Corporation opened the session by have all the speakers and highlighting that in the emerging scenario waste is becoming a sector where a mple economic opportunities exist and effective waste management called for tapping these opportunities for creating a win-win situation for all. 5. 2 Presentation by Surat Municipal Corporation Surat Municipal Corporation, the hosts of the event made a brief presentation introducing to the audience the city and its excellent development over the last few decades.In the presentation made on sewerage management function of the corporation, several systems, functions and initiatives were highlighted which have made the city one of the leading urban centres in waste management sector across India. The current status of the sewerage and waste management in the city and key achievements were also highlighted. Apart from clearly defined functions at head quarter and zonal level, the corporation had focussed on adopting latest technologies by leveraging specie received under JnNURM.Carbon credit mechanism is also being tapped and it is estimated that the corporation from its 3 sewerage g as based plants would generate more than 0. 5 lakh of CER (Carbon Emission Reduction). Technology adoption had also penetrated data monitoring and control in the sewerage plants. The corporation is now focussing on development of tertiary treatment plants to ease the pressure on drinking water resources.Solid waste management activities which received a major thrust by the corporation after the plague epidemic in the city in the 1990s had undergone a sea change with several initiatives being taken like concept of zero garbage on roads, privatisation of municipal solid waste (MSW) related activities, infrastructure development for disposal among others. An overhaul and modernisation of the refuse transfer move has been carried out resulting into reduction in odour and no storage of MSW. Multiple technologies for waste processing have been adopted which are preceded by segregation of the heterogeneous waste that is collected.Several sustainability initiatives have also been carried o ut in the city in the form of centralized biomedical waste collection, treatment and disposal, effective management of hotel and kitchen waste along with innovative schemes like Anudan Scheme for urban dwellers and adoption of improvised equipments and provisions for its citizens. Private sector participation has been a PwC Page 14 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead key strategy and several projects are still available in the grapevine where private sector collaboration can be successful. . 3 Facilitating Public Private Partnerships in Waste Management Ms. Caroline Twigg, India Coordinator of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) introduced to the audience the organization which has over 200 companies spanning more than 22 sectors across 35 countries as its members and works towards thought leadership for business role in sustainability concerns. Under the Urban Infrastructure initiative, the organization has been working across the complete functional chain from design and planning, building, financing and operations.Briefing the audience on Public Private Partnerships (uvulopalatopharyngoplastys), Ms. Twigg defined uvulopalatopharyngoplastys as a transformational form of procurement where government could create new ways of delivering services. She gave a brief description of the various PPP models which comprised different levels of participation from the private sector like service contracts, lease, annuity, BOOT (Build, Own, Operate and Transfer) and divesture among others. She also delineated benefits and challenges for both the parties in PPP model Government and private sector.Ms. Twigg also talked about the waste management hierarchy which spanned from reducing usage, reuse, recycle, co processing, incineration to land filling and presented a few case studies including those from waste to give the axe and waste water sectors underscoring the success of PPP based projects i n these sectors. In Asia Pacific, however, Ms. Twigg noted that though there had been a boom in PPPs in this region, it still called for better oversight from public sector agencies and a stronger political will to make the models work.There is a tremendous orbit for private sector participation in waste sector in India where only 8-9% of the total waste is currently being disposed off scientifically. Gulbarga, Hubli, Haldia were a few urban centres which presented successful PPP model projects. Management contracts, lease and BOOT models were emerging as the more popular ones. She highlighted that the success factors needed for development of PPPs were a strong will, robust institutional frameworks, well structured projects, a clear understanding of strengths and limitations of each party and an bjective, transparent tariff fixing procedure among several others. Ms. Twigg concluded her presentation by talking about Urban Infrastructure Initiative of WBCSD and the support available for various sources including Government of India portals etc for leveraging and development of PPPs in India. 5. 4 Cost Economics How to create a revenue model An overview of contract structures in Waste management sector along with revenue accrual models was presented by Mr. Rahul Bedmutha, Associate Director, CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Advisory.Mr. Bedmutha started of his note by talking about the status of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in India and the rising trends in waste generation being witnessed in the sector. He highlighted that though waste collection was reasonable at 70-80% in large cities it was abysmally low in smaller cities, often below 50%. An estimated Rs. 49,000 crore is required to plug the gaps existing the sector over the next 20 years. Currently, processing and disposal as well as integrated projects were seeing growing investments. PwC Page 15 of 18Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead Funding in MS WM projects has progressed from being funded by external agencies to local city governments and further now from service providers. A viable model for funding that has emerged now is based on capital investment from service provider and recovery through tipping fee and sale of products from treatment/processing of waste. Mr Bedmutha presented a few case studies on the same and underlined that tipping fees still remains a significant contributor 68% of the revenues.Contract structures of MSWM projects also need to be reviewed from the viewpoint of integrated waste management to avoid overlap in the scope of processing and disposal and integrated contracts. Also in the scope of work, the contracts must focus on minimization of residue after processing. Mr. Bedmutha concluded his presentation by talking about the various risks that could challenges investments in waste management sector including waste quality risks, technology risk both from the perspective of power generation and p ollution control and counterparty risk in the form of paying capability of the ULBs. . 5 Towards Zero Waste Exploring the Systems Approach Mr. Prayas Goel, Managing Director, Rochem India presented on the topic Towards Zero- A Systems Approach- Harnessing waste for wealth Zero waste is a concept that calls for a paradigm shift and views waste as a resource that can be remoulded for utile components and profitable ventures. Speaking on the topic, Mr. Goel talked about the heterogeneity of the MSW and the fact that approximately 60% of it is organic and another 15% recyclable.He said that the low calorific value of Indian MSW can be attributed to its high moisture content. Due to absence of source segregation a total solution to treat mixed waste was warranted in the Indian context. Mr Goel also presented a comparison of various technologies like composting, landfill, incineration and the new concord blue solution on various indicators like emissions, maintenance cost, recovery of e nergy etc. Elaborating further on the Zero waste, Mr.Goel said that the concept focussed on maximizing the 3-R concept Reduce, Recycle and Recover as well as ensuring that only true inerts are sent to the landfill. This could be achieved by raising public awareness and involving all concerned agencies including the un-organized sector. An integrated approach towards zero waste that he presented highlighted the need for receipt of waste with minimal storage along with efficiency in pre-conditioning activities followed by conversion of pre-conditioned waste to energy.An gain of Gasification technology apprised the audience about the details of this non-incineration thermal waste to energy solution and its suitability for disposal of mixed solid waste. The process is also environmental friendly since it does not release toxic dioxins and furans due to the plastic present being thermo chemically degraded instead of being burned. Other benefits include the low space requirement, negligi ble rejects and no storage requirements. Summarizing his presentation, Mr. Goel negated the widely held notion that Indian waste due to its low calorific value based on

Change Agent Skills Essay

In order to be a successful sustainability change agent, an individual essential have the following 1. 2. 3. Knowledge of the environmental, economic, and social issues related to sustainability (understanding) A value system and self-concept to support and under gird the actions of a change agent (motivation) and win over agent abilities (skills).Change cistron Abilities The following is a listing of change agent abilities compiled from numerous sources. For ease of use, these sources have all been acknowledged at the termination of this document. Change agents are Resilient Optimistic Tenacious Committed Passionate Patient Emotionally intelligent Assertive Persuasive Empathetic Authentic ethical Self-Aware Competent Curious They canCommunicate ideas clearly, concisely, and precisely both orally and in writing Listen to others and incorporate their ideas and perspectives Accommodate individual differences (cultural, socioeconomic, global, etc.) in your decisions and actions and be able to negotiate across these differences. function in self-assessment, self-reflection, and analysis Reflect on what is happening to make meaning, gain perspective and understanding Engage in civil discourse and debate Mediate and resolve conflicts Analyze power, structures of inequality, and social systems that govern individual and communal life Recognize the global implications of their actions traverse boundaries Challenge the status quo effectively when appropriate Creatively and collaboratively solve problems using critical thinking skills search for families of solutions for complex multi-faceted issues Collaborate, network, develop alliances and coalitions, build teams Involve others, urge and excite participants, engender support and commitment See the big picture and the larger goal and understand the need for systemic change Adjust to the various and changing needs of both individuals and society as a whole Set realistic and clearly defined goals an d objectivesBe both a leader and a follower, as necessary Analyze and influence group dynamics Make ethical decisions which incorporate responsibility to self, community, and society Help envision, articulate and take positive scenarios for the future of society See the paths, small steps, for changes needed for a more sustainable future, convert it into a tasklist and timeline, and follow through effectively concentrate ambiguity and cope effectively with change ACPA College Student Educators International (http//www.myacpa.org/) in collaboration with the U.S. Partnership for Education for Sustainable Development (www.uspartnership.org ). May be reproduced for educational purposes with credit given.They have Insights into the functioning and interconnectedness of systems A commitment to finding solutions to societal problems Political efficacy, a belief that what they think and do civically and politically matters truth Courage An understanding of organic changeUseful Theo retical Models A Social Change Model of Leadership Development (1996) Systemic Leadership (Allen & Cherrey, 2000) Reframing Organizations (Bolman & Deal, 2003) relative Leadership (Komives, S. R., Lucas, N., & McMahon, T. R., 1998) Social Entrepreneurship Servant Leadership Resources and References A social change model of leadership development Guidebook (Version III). (1996). Los Angeles University of California Los Angeles Higher Education inquiry Institute. Allen, K. E., & Cherrey, C. (2000). Systemic leadership Enriching the meaning of our work. Washinton, DC University Press of America. Astin, A. W., & Astin, H. S. (2000). Leadership reconsidered Engaging higher education in social change. Battle Creek, MI W. K. Kellogg Foundation. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (2003). Reframing Organizations Artistry plectron and Leadership (third ed.).San Francisco Jossey-Bass. Colby, A., Ehrlich, T., Beaumont, E., & Stephens, J. (2004). The role of higher education in preparing undergradu ates for lives of civic responsibility. In K. Ferraiolo (Ed.), New Direction in civic engagement University avenue meets main channel (pp. 51-58). Charlottesville, VA Pew Partnership for Civic Change. Drayton, B. (2005). Everyone a changemaker. coadjutor Review, 7(3), 8-11. Freire, P. (1972). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York Herder and Herder. Hines, S. M. (2005). The practical side of liberal education An overview of liberal education and entrepreneurship. Peer Review, 7(3), 4-7. Komives, S. R., Lucas, N., & McMahon, T. R. (1998). Exploring leadership For college students who want to make a difference (2nd ed.). San Francisco Jossey-Bass. Loeb, P. R. (1999). Soul of a citizen Living with conviction in a cynical time. New York St. Martins Press. Loeb, P. R. (Ed.). (2004).The hopeless will take a little while A citizens guide to hope in a time of fear. New York Basic Books. Lorde, A. (1984). encyclopedism from the 60s. In Sister outsider Essays and speeches (pp. 134-144). Trum ansburg, NY Crossing Press. Musil, C. M. (2006). Assessing global learning matching good intentions with good practice. Washington, D.C. Association of American Colleges and Universities. Recklies, D. What Makes a Good Change Agent? Retrieved December 19, 2006, from http//www.themanager.org/Strategy/change_agent.htm Rowe, D. (2002). Environmental Literacy and sustainability as core requirements Success stories and models. In W. L. Filho (Ed.), Teaching Sustainability at Universities. New York Peter Lang Scientific Publishers.Rowe, D., Bartleman, D., Khirallah, M., Smydra, M., Keith, G., & Ponder, M. (1999). Reduce cynicism and apathy and spend a penny positive change agents Essential and missing components of our educational curricula. Paper presented at the Chair Academy Conference Proceedings, Long Beach, CA. Stein, K. (2006). University of Delaware IFST Capstone Course Syllabus. Thomas, N. (2004). Educating for citizenship in a diverse and interdependent society. In K. Ferraiolo (Ed.), New direction in civic engagement University avenue meets main street (pp. 43-50). Charlottesville, VA Pew Partnership for Civic Change.

How to Write Police Report Essay

A patrol give out is a description of facts surrounding a nuisance. It is apply to continue who, what, when, where, why and/or how a villainy took place, although some of those facts may not be known at the time it is written. The term police report can be used to describe a report filed by a victim or visit of a crime or the exploratory report filed by an officer investigating a crime. These reports are often passed on to other policemen or crime scene specialists, who use them as a factual basis for investigating the crime. Unlike other prose-based essays, the main focus of preliminary reports is to report the facts, rather than argue a thesis. Read more to develop out how to write a police report Gather your evidence or other reports. You will need to refer to them throughout your report.If you have a lot of evidence, take time to make a physical or mental list so that you are less promising to forget measurable elements 1. Gather witness testimony. This will be an esse ntial part of your report. If you are the witness to the crime, then make notes about what you saw as soon as you can after it happened. * Many studies with memory have shown that our memories of events, even important moments like crimes, change in time. They may also be swayed by oratory with other people who have witnessed the event. Increase your accuracy by writing police reports immediately after you witness events. 1. Request a police report form. If you are a policeman, there is likely to be a template available to you. If you are reporting as a victim or witness to a crime, go online or call your local police department to inquire about the correct procedure for filling and filing a police report.Writing the Report1. 1Fill out a form, if one is given to you. Not all police reports are written in metre structure. You may simply be asked to fill in the appropriate boxes on a form, according to the crime, witnesses and any other data you have gathered.2. 21. release the pol ice report on the computer, unless you are asked to write it by hand. This will make it more legible and allow you to check it for spelling, punctuation and content errors. * If you mustiness hand write areport, be sure to print, rather than write in cursive or italic handwriting. This will allow your report to be read more clearly by all the parties involved.2. 3Write a prose summary of the incident, including only the facts of the case. You may be asked to do this in accessory to filling out a police report form. The summary should be in chronological order and include the following elements * Witness reports. Witnesses will likely be asked to submit their own description of what they saw. Use this to describe any suspects or crimes that were committed. * A description of the crime scene. It is important to start out with the facts of the case, so that people are acquainted with the facts immediately, instead of drawing conclusions. You can use some descriptive words to describ e the environment and the people involved. Include addresses, the crime, crime scene evidence, locations, the date and the time.* A chronological narrative. You should include how you came upon the scene, who was involved, what they said and any investigative avenues that are being taken. Instead of repeating what was said in the crime scene description or the witness reports, you can describe other times, the witnesses themselves, the crime that was committed, other officers and any other factors that could be relevant. Continue your narrative up until the present day. * Make sure your narrative contains the following things the reason you were on the scene, observations, arrests, statements, evidence and booking.3. 4Proof your report for any spelling or punctuation errors. Make sure you have spelled witness and place names correctly. Remove any words that could be seen as subjective, unless they are witness reports.4. 5 spring up in your report to the proper authorities. This coul d be either a superior officer or a policeman at a station.